本文选自医学界顶级期刊《柳叶刀》(TheLancet)。
Estimatesand25-yeartrendsoftheglobalburdenofdiseaseattributabletoambientairpollution:an(易遗漏该冠词)analysisofdatafromtheGlobalBurdenofDiseasesStudy
关于空气污染导致的全球疾病负担的评估及其25年发展趋势:根据《年全球疾病负担研究》数据所做的分析
Summary
BackgroundExposuretoambientairpollutionincreasesmorbidityandmortality,andisaleadingcontributortoglobaldiseaseburden.Weexploredspatialandtemporaltrendsinmortalityandburdenofdiseaseattributableto(由......引起)ambientairpollutionfromtoatglobal,regional,andcountrylevels.
背景环境空气污染导致患病率和死亡率增加,成为全球疾病负担的主要原因。本文从全球、地区和国家层面,探讨了年至年间,空气污染导致的死亡率及疾病负担的时空趋势。
MethodsWeestimated(过去式)globalpopulation-weightedmeanconcentrationsofparticlemasswithaerodynamicdiameterlessthan2·5μm(PM2·5)andozoneatanapproximate11km×11kmresolutionwithsatellitebasedestimates,chemicaltransportmodels,andground-levelmeasurements.(前面一句话很长,包含意思很多,但没有使用从句,而是用介词等来串联,很高级)Usingintegratedexposure–responsefunctionsforeachcauseofdeath,weestimatedtherelativeriskofmortalityfromischaemicheartdisease,cerebrovasculardisease,chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease,lungcancer,andlowerrespiratoryinfectionsfromepidemiologicalstudiesusingnon-linearexposure–responsefunctionsspanningtheglobalrangeofexposure.
方法本文估算了空气动力学直径小于2.5微米(PM2.5)粒子的全球人口加权平均浓度,并在约11千米×11千米分辨率卫星、化学传输模式及地面测量下估算了臭氧的全球人口加权平均浓度。使用针对每种死因的综合暴露-反应函数,本文使用跨越总暴露范围的非线性暴露-反应函数估算了流行病学研究中缺血性心脏病、脑血管疾病、慢性阻塞性肺病、肺癌和下呼吸道感染的死亡相对风险。
FindingsAmbientPM2.5wasthe?fth-rankingmortalityriskfactorin.ExposuretoPM2.5caused4.2million(95%uncertaintyinterval[UI]3.7millionto4.8million)deathsand.1million(90.8million.1million)disability-adjustedlife-years(DALYs)in,representing7.6%oftotalglobaldeathsand4.2%ofglobalDALYs,59%oftheseineastandsouthAsia.DeathsattributabletoambientPM2.5increasedfrom3.5million(95%UI3.0millionto4.0million)into4.2million(3.7millionto4.8million)in.Exposuretoozone(名词化的表达更简洁)causedanadditional(95%UI–)deathsandalossof4.1million(1.6millionto6.8million)DALYsfromchronicobstructivepulmonarydiseasein.
发现年,环境中PM2.5是排名第五的死亡风险因素。暴露于PM2.5中导致万人(95%不确定区间[UI]万到万)死亡,并造成1.亿(万到1.亿)伤残调整生命年(DALYs),占全球总死亡人数的7.6%和全球DALYs的4.2%,其中59%发生在东亚和南亚。环境中PM2.5造成的死亡人数从年的万(95%,UI,万到万)增加到年的万(万到万)。暴露于臭氧中导致年死于慢性阻塞性肺病的人数增加了25.4万(95%,UI,9.7万-42.2万),损失了万(万至万)DALYs。
InterpretationAmbientairpollutioncontributedsubstantiallytotheglobalburdenofdiseasein,whichincreasedoverthepast25years,duetopopulationageing,changesinnon-北京中科白瘕风医院是三甲吗白癜风医院呼和浩特哪家好